/* Problembehebung */ formmäßige "renovierung" der wichtigen inhalte
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HQ%2FNetz.mw
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HQ%2FNetz.mw
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@ -32,48 +32,53 @@ bssid=f4:ec:38:ba:1d:ac
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{{NiftyDiv|
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Farbe=#aafd72|
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Inhalt=
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Vermutlich bist du auf diese Wikiseite aufmerksam geworden weil das Internet im HQ nicht funktioniert :>
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''how to fix your hq network'' ist das Motto (und der ehemalige Titel) dies Abschnittes.
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Viel Spaß beim fixen ...
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Vielleicht wurdest du sogar durch [[squid]] hierhin geleitet, weil erkennbar war, dass was nicht richtig erreicht werden konnte.
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Dieser Abschnitt soll dazu dienen, um ein Leitfaden für das Fixen zum [[HQ/Netz | Netz im]] [[HQ]] zu sein (,also wenn für dich das Internet nicht (richtig) funktioniert). :>
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<!--
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Wie kann Hilfe, über diesen Abschnitt hinaus gefunden werden?
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* Menschen im HQ ansprechen
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* [https://wiki.c3d2.de/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:HQ/Netz&action=edit§ion=new Frage in der Diskussion (zu dieser Seite) stellen!]
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* …
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-->
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}}
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=== benötigte Software ===
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* Linux
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<source lang=bash>
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sudo apt-get install tcpdump arping telnet
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</source>
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* FreeBSD
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<source lang=bash>
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pkg install arpdig arping
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</source>
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=== starte dein Netzwerk neu! ===
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|+ nennenswerte Herangehensweisen zum Berichtigung der Netzwerkeinstellung (, um Zugang zum Internet im [[HQ]] zu erlangen)
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|-
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! Linux
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! FreeBSD
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|-
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! colspan="2" |
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==== Installation benötigter Software ====
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|-
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: <source lang=bash>sudo apt-get install tcpdump arping telnet</source>
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: <source lang=bash>pkg install arpdig arping</source>
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|-
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! colspan="2" |
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==== Neustart der Netzwerkverbindungen ====
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|-
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Versuch zunächst dein Interface neu zu starten (um eine frische IP vom DHCP-Server zu bekommen):
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* Linux
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<source lang=bash>
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sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
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</source>
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* FreeBSD
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<source lang=bash>
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/etc/rc.d/netif restart
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</source>
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=== Hast du eine IP-Adresse? ===
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* Linux
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<source lang=bash>
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ip a
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|-
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: <source lang=bash>sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart</source>
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: <source lang=bash>/etc/rc.d/netif restart</source>
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|-
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! colspan="2" |
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=== Herausfinden der aktuell eigene IP-Adresse ===
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|-
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: <source lang=bash>ip a</source>
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<pre>
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3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 172.22.99.100-200/24 brd 172.22.99.255 scope global wlan0
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@ -82,13 +87,10 @@ ip a
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valid_lft 180sec preferred_lft 60sec
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inet6 fe80::ffff:ffff:ffff:fff/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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</source>
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* FreeBSD
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<source lang=bash>
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ifconfig
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</pre>
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: <source lang=bash>ifconfig</source>
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<pre>
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wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
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ether 00:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet6 fe80::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff%wlan0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x7
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@ -100,173 +102,146 @@ wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500
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ssid C3D2 channel 6 (2437 MHz 11g) bssid f4:ec:38:ba:1d:ac
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country US authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 0 bmiss 7 scanvalid 60
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protmode CTS roaming MANUAL
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</source>
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==== IP-Adress Dublikate suchen ====
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</pre>
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|-
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! colspan="2" |
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==== Ermitteln bereits bestehender Verwendung einer beabsichtigen eigenen IP-Adresse ====
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|-
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Überprüfe zuerst ob die gewünschte IP-Adresse, im Bereich 100-200, schon vergeben ist:
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z.B. 172.22.99.199
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* Linux
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<source lang=bash>
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arping -i wlan0 -c 3 172.22.99.199
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|-
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: <source lang=bash>arping -i wlan0 -c 3 172.22.99.199</source>
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<pre>
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--- 172.22.99.199 statistics ---
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3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% unanswered (0 extra)
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arping -i wlan0 -D -c 3 172.22.99.199
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</pre>
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: <source lang=bash>arping -i wlan0 -D -c 3 172.22.99.199</source>
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<pre>
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... 100% packet loss
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</source>
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* FreeBSD
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<source lang=bash>
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arping -i wlan0 -c 3 172.22.99.199
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</pre>
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: <source lang=bash>arping -i wlan0 -c 3 172.22.99.199</source>
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<pre>
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--- 172.22.99.199 statistics ---
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3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% unanswered (0 extra)
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arping -i wlan0 -D -c 3 172.22.99.199
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</pre>
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: <source lang=bash>arping -i wlan0 -D -c 3 172.22.99.199</source>
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<pre>
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... 100% packet loss
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</source>
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==== IP-Adresse selbst geben ====
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* Linux
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<source lang=bash>
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sudo killall dhclient
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sudo ifconfig wlan0 inet 172.22.99.199 netmask 255.255.255.0
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</source>
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* FreeBSD
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<source lang=bash>
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sudo killall dhclient
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ifconfig wlan0 inet 172.22.99.199 netmask 255.255.255.0
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</source>
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* IPv6 wird mit SLAAC verteilt ...
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=== Ist das Gateway erreichbar? ===
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</pre>
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! colspan="2" |
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==== Festlegen einer bestimmten eigenen IP-Adresse ====
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: <source lang=bash>sudo killall dhclient</source>
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: <source lang=bash>sudo ifconfig wlan0 inet 172.22.99.199 netmask 255.255.255.0</source>
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: <source lang=bash>sudo killall dhclient</source>
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: <source lang=bash>ifconfig wlan0 inet 172.22.99.199 netmask 255.255.255.0</source>
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|-
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IPv6 wird mit SLAAC verteilt ...
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|-
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! colspan="2" |
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=== Prüfen der Erreichbarkeit vom [[w:de:Gateway (Informatik)|Gateway]] ===
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primäres:
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<source lang=bash>
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ping 172.22.99.1
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</source>
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: <source lang=bash>ping 172.22.99.1</source>
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sekundäres:
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<source lang=bash>
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ping 172.22.99.4
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</source>
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==== Default-Gateway ändern (auf sekundär) ====
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* Linux
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<source lang=bash>
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sudo route del default
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sudo route add default gw 172.22.99.4 wlan0
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</source>
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* FreeBSD
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<source lang=bash>
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/etc/rc.d/routing restart
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route del default
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route add default 172.22.99.4
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</source>
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: <source lang=bash>ping 172.22.99.4</source>
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|-
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! colspan="2" |
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==== Verändern vom [[w:de:default gateway|Standardgateway]] ====
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ändern (auf das sekundäre Gateway)
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: <source lang=bash>sudo route del default</source>
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: <source lang=bash>sudo route add default gw 172.22.99.4 wlan0</source>
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: <source lang=bash>/etc/rc.d/routing restart</source>
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: <source lang=bash>route del default</source>
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: <source lang=bash>route add default 172.22.99.4</source>
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|-
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Überprüfung der Routingtabelle mit netstat
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<source lang=bash>
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netstat -nr
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: <source lang=bash>netstat -nr</source>
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<pre>
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Kernel-IP-Routentabelle
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Ziel Router Genmask Flags MSS Fenster irtt Iface
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0.0.0.0 172.22.99.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0
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169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0
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172.22.99.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0
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</source>
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==== IPv6 Gateway ermitteln ====
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* Linux
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<source lang=bash>
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ip -6 neighbour
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</pre>
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! colspan="2" |
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==== Ermitteln vom IPv6 Gateway ====
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|-
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: <source lang=bash>ip -6 neighbour</source>
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<pre>
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fe80::f6ec:38ff:feba:1dac dev wlan0 lladdr f4:ec:38:ba:1d:ac router DELAY
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</source>
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* FreeBSD
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<source lang=bash>
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ndp -a
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</source>
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(S Flags = SR)
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=== funktioniert der lokale DNS Cache? ===
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</pre>
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: <source lang=bash>ndp -a</source>
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Wenn bei <code>S Flags</code> <code>SR</code> steht, dann ist das die lifetime des Defaultroters.
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! colspan="2" |
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=== Prüfen der Funktionalität vom lokalen DNS Cache ===
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|-
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primär:
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<source lang=bash>
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172.22.99.51
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</source>
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: <code>172.22.99.51</code>
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sekundär:
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<source lang=bash>
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172.22.99.251
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</source>
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* Linux
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<source lang=bash>
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dig ANY @172.22.99.51 heise.de
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</source>
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* FreeBSD
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<source lang=bash>
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drill ANY @172.22.99.251 heise.de
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</source>
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==== externe DNS Resolver verwenden ====
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<source lang=bash>
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sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf
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: <code>172.22.99.251</code>
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: <source lang=bash>dig ANY @172.22.99.51 heise.de</source>
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: <source lang=bash>drill ANY @172.22.99.251 heise.de</source>
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! colspan="2" |
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==== Verwendung des externen DNS Resolver ====
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: <source lang=bash>sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf</source>
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<pre>
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search hq.c3d2.de
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nameserver 74.82.42.42
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nameserver 213.73.91.35
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</source>
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=== funktioniert der lokale Web Cache? ===
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<source lang=bash>
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telnet 172.22.99.53 3128
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</pre>
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! colspan="2" |
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=== Prüfen der Funktionalität vom lokalen Web Cache ===
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: <source lang=bash>telnet 172.22.99.53 3128</source>
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<pre>
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Trying 172.22.99.53...
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Connected to 172.22.99.53.
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Escape character is '^]'.
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</source>
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==== Web Cache vorübergehend deaktivieren ====
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</pre>
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! colspan="2" |
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==== (vorübergehendes) Deaktivieren vom Web Cache ====
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z.B.: FireFox
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Preferences -> Advanced -> Network -> Settings -> von Auto-detect Proxy auf NO
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== Siehe auch ==
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* (veraltet) [[Office2/Netz]]
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