// -*- mode:doc; -*- // vim: set syntax=asciidoc: === Package directory First of all, create a directory under the +package+ directory for your software, for example +libfoo+. Some packages have been grouped by topic in a sub-directory: +x11r7+, +efl+ and +matchbox+. If your package fits in one of these categories, then create your package directory in these. New subdirectories are discouraged, however. === +Config.in+ file Then, create a file named +Config.in+. This file will contain the option descriptions related to our +libfoo+ software that will be used and displayed in the configuration tool. It should basically contain: --------------------------- config BR2_PACKAGE_LIBFOO bool "libfoo" help This is a comment that explains what libfoo is. http://foosoftware.org/libfoo/ --------------------------- The +bool+ line, +help+ line and other metadata information about the configuration option must be indented with one tab. The help text itself should be indented with one tab and two spaces, and it must mention the upstream URL of the project. You can add other sub-options into a +if BR2_PACKAGE_LIBFOO...endif+ statement to configure particular things in your software. You can look at examples in other packages. The syntax of the +Config.in+ file is the same as the one for the kernel Kconfig file. The documentation for this syntax is available at http://kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt[] Finally you have to add your new +libfoo/Config.in+ to +package/Config.in+ (or in a category subdirectory if you decided to put your package in one of the existing categories). The files included there are 'sorted alphabetically' per category and are 'NOT' supposed to contain anything but the 'bare' name of the package. -------------------------- source "package/libfoo/Config.in" -------------------------- [[depends-on-vs-select]] ==== Choosing +depends on+ or +select+ The +Config.in+ file of your package must also ensure that dependencies are enabled. Typically, Buildroot uses the following rules: * Use a +select+ type of dependency for dependencies on libraries. These dependencies are generally not obvious and it therefore make sense to have the kconfig system ensure that the dependencies are selected. For example, the _libgtk2_ package uses +select BR2_PACKAGE_LIBGLIB2+ to make sure this library is also enabled. The +select+ keyword expresses the dependency with a backward semantic. * Use a +depends on+ type of dependency when the user really needs to be aware of the dependency. Typically, Buildroot uses this type of dependency for dependencies on target architecture, MMU support and toolchain options (see xref:dependencies-target-toolchain-options[]), or for dependencies on "big" things, such as the X.org system. The +depends on+ keyword expresses the dependency with a forward semantic. .Note The current problem with the _kconfig_ language is that these two dependency semantics are not internally linked. Therefore, it may be possible to select a package, whom one of its dependencies/requirement is not met. An example illustrates both the usage of +select+ and +depends on+. -------------------------- config BR2_PACKAGE_ACL bool "acl" select BR2_PACKAGE_ATTR depends on BR2_LARGEFILE help POSIX Access Control Lists, which are used to define more fine-grained discretionary access rights for files and directories. This package also provides libacl. http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/acl comment "acl needs a toolchain w/ largefile" depends on !BR2_LARGEFILE -------------------------- Note that these two dependency types are only transitive with the dependencies of the same kind. This means, in the following example: -------------------------- config BR2_PACKAGE_A bool "Package A" config BR2_PACKAGE_B bool "Package B" depends on BR2_PACKAGE_A config BR2_PACKAGE_C bool "Package C" depends on BR2_PACKAGE_B config BR2_PACKAGE_D bool "Package D" select BR2_PACKAGE_B config BR2_PACKAGE_E bool "Package E" select BR2_PACKAGE_D -------------------------- * Selecting +Package C+ will be visible if +Package B+ has been selected, which in turn is only visible if +Package A+ has been selected. * Selecting +Package E+ will select +Package D+, which will select +Package B+, it will not check for the dependencies of +Package B+, so it will not select +Package A+. * Since +Package B+ is selected but +Package A+ is not, this violates the dependency of +Package B+ on +Package A+. Therefore, in such a situation, the transitive dependency has to be added explicitly: -------------------------- config BR2_PACKAGE_D bool "Package D" select BR2_PACKAGE_B depends on BR2_PACKAGE_A config BR2_PACKAGE_E bool "Package E" select BR2_PACKAGE_D depends on BR2_PACKAGE_A -------------------------- Overall, for package library dependencies, +select+ should be preferred. Note that such dependencies will ensure that the dependency option is also enabled, but not necessarily built before your package. To do so, the dependency also needs to be expressed in the +.mk+ file of the package. Further formatting details: see xref:writing-rules-config-in[the coding style]. [[dependencies-target-toolchain-options]] ==== Dependencies on target and toolchain options Many packages depend on certain options of the toolchain: the choice of C library, C++ support, largefile support, thread support, RPC support, IPv6 support, wchar support, or dynamic library support. Some packages can only be built on certain target architectures, or if an MMU is available in the processor. These dependencies have to be expressed with the appropriate 'depends on' statements in the Config.in file. Additionally, for dependencies on toolchain options, a +comment+ should be displayed when the option is not enabled, so that the user knows why the package is not available. Dependencies on target architecture or MMU support should not be made visible in a comment: since it is unlikely that the user can freely choose another target, it makes little sense to show these dependencies explicitly. The +comment+ should only be visible if the +config+ option itself would be visible when the toolchain option dependencies are met. This means that all other dependencies of the package (including dependencies on target architecture and MMU support) have to be repeated on the +comment+ definition. To keep it clear, the +depends on+ statement for these non-toolchain option should be kept separate from the +depends on+ statement for the toolchain options. If there is a dependency on a config option in that same file (typically the main package) it is preferable to have a global +if ... endif+ construct rather than repeating the +depends on+ statement on the comment and other config options. The general format of a dependency +comment+ for package foo is: -------------------------- foo needs a toolchain w/ featA, featB, featC -------------------------- for example: -------------------------- aircrack-ng needs a toolchain w/ largefile, threads -------------------------- or -------------------------- crda needs a toolchain w/ threads -------------------------- Note that this text is kept brief on purpose, so that it will fit on a 80-character terminal. The rest of this section enumerates the different target and toolchain options, the corresponding config symbols to depend on, and the text to use in the comment. * Target architecture ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_powerpc+, +BR2_mips+, ... (see +arch/Config.in+) ** Comment string: no comment to be added * MMU support ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_USE_MMU+ ** Comment string: no comment to be added * Atomic instructions (whereby the architecture has instructions to perform some operations atomically, like LOCKCMPXCHG on x86) ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_ARCH_HAS_ATOMICS+ ** Comment string: no comment to be added * Kernel headers ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HEADERS_AT_LEAST_X_Y+, (replace +X_Y+ with the proper version, see +toolchain/toolchain-common.in+) ** Comment string: +headers >= X.Y+ and/or `headers <= X.Y` (replace +X.Y+ with the proper version) * C library ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_TOOLCHAIN_USES_GLIBC+, +BR2_TOOLCHAIN_USES_UCLIBC+ ** Comment string: for the C library, a slightly different comment text is used: +foo needs an (e)glibc toolchain+, or `foo needs an (e)glibc toolchain w/ C++` * C++ support ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_INSTALL_LIBSTDCPP+ ** Comment string: `C++` * largefile support ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_LARGEFILE+ ** Comment string: +largefile+ * thread support ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_THREADS+ ** Comment string: +threads+ (unless +BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_THREADS_NPTL+ is also needed, in which case, specifying only +NPTL+ is sufficient) * NPTL thread support ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_THREADS_NPTL+ ** Comment string: +NPTL+ * RPC support ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_NATIVE_RPC+ ** Comment string: +RPC+ * IPv6 support ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_INET_IPV6+ ** Comment string: +IPv6+ (lowercase v) * wchar support ** Dependency symbol: +BR2_USE_WCHAR+ ** Comment string: +wchar+ * dynamic library ** Dependency symbol: +!BR2_PREFER_STATIC_LIB+ ** Comment string: +dynamic library+ ==== Dependencies on a Linux kernel built by buildroot Some packages need a Linux kernel to be built by buildroot. These are typically kernel modules or firmware. A comment should be added in the Config.in file to express this dependency, similar to dependencies on toolchain options. The general format is: -------------------------- foo needs a Linux kernel to be built -------------------------- If there is a dependency on both toolchain options and the Linux kernel, use this format: -------------------------- foo needs a toolchain w/ featA, featB, featC and a Linux kernel to be built -------------------------- ==== Dependencies on udev /dev management If a package needs udev /dev management, it should depend on symbol +BR2_PACKAGE_HAS_UDEV+, and the following comment should be added: -------------------------- foo needs udev /dev management -------------------------- If there is a dependency on both toolchain options and udev /dev management, use this format: -------------------------- foo needs udev /dev management and a toolchain w/ featA, featB, featC -------------------------- ==== Dependencies on features provided by virtual packages Some features can be provided by more than one package, such as the openGL libraries. See xref:virtual-package-tutorial[] for more on the virtual packages. See xref:virtual-package-list[] for the symbols to depend on if your package depends on a feature provided by a virtual package. === The +.mk+ file [[adding-packages-mk]] Finally, here's the hardest part. Create a file named +libfoo.mk+. It describes how the package should be downloaded, configured, built, installed, etc. Depending on the package type, the +.mk+ file must be written in a different way, using different infrastructures: * *Makefiles for generic packages* (not using autotools or CMake): These are based on an infrastructure similar to the one used for autotools-based packages, but require a little more work from the developer. They specify what should be done for the configuration, compilation and installation of the package. This infrastructure must be used for all packages that do not use the autotools as their build system. In the future, other specialized infrastructures might be written for other build systems. We cover them through in a xref:generic-package-tutorial[tutorial] and a xref:generic-package-reference[reference]. * *Makefiles for autotools-based software* (autoconf, automake, etc.): We provide a dedicated infrastructure for such packages, since autotools is a very common build system. This infrastructure 'must' be used for new packages that rely on the autotools as their build system. We cover them through a xref:autotools-package-tutorial[tutorial] and xref:autotools-package-reference[reference]. * *Makefiles for cmake-based software*: We provide a dedicated infrastructure for such packages, as CMake is a more and more commonly used build system and has a standardized behaviour. This infrastructure 'must' be used for new packages that rely on CMake. We cover them through a xref:cmake-package-tutorial[tutorial] and xref:cmake-package-reference[reference]. * *Makefiles for Python modules*: We have a dedicated infrastructure for Python modules that use either the +distutils+ or the +setuptools+ mechanism. We cover them through a xref:python-package-tutorial[tutorial] and a xref:python-package-reference[reference]. * *Makefiles for Lua modules*: We have a dedicated infrastructure for Lua modules available through the LuaRocks web site. We cover them through a xref:luarocks-package-tutorial[tutorial] and a xref:luarocks-package-reference[reference]. Further formatting details: see xref:writing-rules-mk[the writing rules]. [[adding-packages-hash]] === The +.hash+ file Optionally, you can add a third file, named +libfoo.hash+, that contains the hashes of the downloaded files for the +libfoo+ package. The hashes stored in that file are used to validate the integrity of the downloaded files. The format of this file is one line for each file for which to check the hash, each line being space-separated, with these three fields: * the type of hash, one of: ** +sha1+, +sha224+, +sha256+, +sha384+, +sha512+ * the hash of the file: ** for +sha1+, 40 hexadecimal characters ** for +sha224+, 56 hexadecimal characters ** for +sha256+, 64 hexadecimal characters ** for +sha384+, 96 hexadecimal characters ** for +sha512+, 128 hexadecimal characters * the name of the file, without any directory component Lines starting with a +#+ sign are considered comments, and ignored. Empty lines are ignored. There can be more than one hash for a single file, each on its own line. In this case, all hashes must match. Ideally, the hashes stored in this file should match the hashes published by upstream, e.g. on their website, in the e-mail announcement... If upstream provides more than one type of hash (say, +sha1+ and +sha512+), then it is best to add all those hashes in the +.hash+ file. If upstream does not provide any hash, then compute at least one yourself, and mention this in a comment line above the hashes. *Note:* the number of spaces does not matter, so one can use spaces to properly align the different fields. The example below defines a +sha1+ and a +sha256+ published by upstream for the main +libfoo-1.2.3.tar.bz2+ tarball, plus two locally-computed hashes, a +sha256+ for a downloaded patch, and a +sha1+ for a downloaded binary blob: ---- # Hashes from: http://www.foosoftware.org/download/libfoo-1.2.3.tar.bz2.{sha1,sha256}: sha1 486fb55c3efa71148fe07895fd713ea3a5ae343a libfoo-1.2.3.tar.bz2 sha256 efc8103cc3bcb06bda6a781532d12701eb081ad83e8f90004b39ab81b65d4369 libfoo-1.2.3.tar.bz2 # No upstream hashes for the following: sha256 ff52101fb90bbfc3fe9475e425688c660f46216d7e751c4bbdb1dc85cdccacb9 libfoo-fix-blabla.patch sha1 2d608f3c318c6b7557d551a5a09314f03452f1a1 libfoo-data.bin ---- If the +.hash+ file is present, and it contains one or more hashes for a downloaded file, the hash(es) computed by Buildroot (after download) must match the hash(es) stored in the +.hash+ file. If one or more hashes do not match, Buildroot considers this an error, deletes the downloaded file, and aborts. If the +.hash+ file is present, but it does not contain a hash for a downloaded file, no check is done for that file. If you set the environment variable +BR2_ENFORCE_CHECK_HASH+ to a non-empty value, and there is no hash for a downloaded file, Buildroot considers this an error, deletes the downloaded file, and aborts. If the +.hash+ file is missing, then no check is done at all.