#! /somewhere/python3 # Copyright (c) 2003-2020 Nixpkgs/NixOS contributors from contextlib import contextmanager, _GeneratorContextManager from queue import Queue, Empty from typing import Tuple, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, Optional, List from xml.sax.saxutils import XMLGenerator import queue import io import _thread import argparse import atexit import base64 import codecs import os import pathlib import ptpython.repl import pty import re import shlex import shutil import socket import subprocess import sys import tempfile import time import traceback import unicodedata CHAR_TO_KEY = { "A": "shift-a", "N": "shift-n", "-": "0x0C", "_": "shift-0x0C", "B": "shift-b", "O": "shift-o", "=": "0x0D", "+": "shift-0x0D", "C": "shift-c", "P": "shift-p", "[": "0x1A", "{": "shift-0x1A", "D": "shift-d", "Q": "shift-q", "]": "0x1B", "}": "shift-0x1B", "E": "shift-e", "R": "shift-r", ";": "0x27", ":": "shift-0x27", "F": "shift-f", "S": "shift-s", "'": "0x28", '"': "shift-0x28", "G": "shift-g", "T": "shift-t", "`": "0x29", "~": "shift-0x29", "H": "shift-h", "U": "shift-u", "\\": "0x2B", "|": "shift-0x2B", "I": "shift-i", "V": "shift-v", ",": "0x33", "<": "shift-0x33", "J": "shift-j", "W": "shift-w", ".": "0x34", ">": "shift-0x34", "K": "shift-k", "X": "shift-x", "/": "0x35", "?": "shift-0x35", "L": "shift-l", "Y": "shift-y", " ": "spc", "M": "shift-m", "Z": "shift-z", "\n": "ret", "!": "shift-0x02", "@": "shift-0x03", "#": "shift-0x04", "$": "shift-0x05", "%": "shift-0x06", "^": "shift-0x07", "&": "shift-0x08", "*": "shift-0x09", "(": "shift-0x0A", ")": "shift-0x0B", } # Forward references log: "Logger" machines: "List[Machine]" def eprint(*args: object, **kwargs: Any) -> None: print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kwargs) def make_command(args: list) -> str: return " ".join(map(shlex.quote, (map(str, args)))) def create_vlan(vlan_nr: str) -> Tuple[str, str, "subprocess.Popen[bytes]", Any]: global log log.log("starting VDE switch for network {}".format(vlan_nr)) vde_socket = tempfile.mkdtemp( prefix="nixos-test-vde-", suffix="-vde{}.ctl".format(vlan_nr) ) pty_master, pty_slave = pty.openpty() vde_process = subprocess.Popen( ["vde_switch", "-s", vde_socket, "--dirmode", "0700"], bufsize=1, stdin=pty_slave, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False, ) fd = os.fdopen(pty_master, "w") fd.write("version\n") # TODO: perl version checks if this can be read from # an if not, dies. we could hang here forever. Fix it. assert vde_process.stdout is not None vde_process.stdout.readline() if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(vde_socket, "ctl")): raise Exception("cannot start vde_switch") return (vlan_nr, vde_socket, vde_process, fd) def retry(fn: Callable) -> None: """Call the given function repeatedly, with 1 second intervals, until it returns True or a timeout is reached. """ for _ in range(900): if fn(False): return time.sleep(1) if not fn(True): raise Exception("action timed out") class Logger: def __init__(self) -> None: self.logfile = os.environ.get("LOGFILE", "/dev/null") self.logfile_handle = codecs.open(self.logfile, "wb") self.xml = XMLGenerator(self.logfile_handle, encoding="utf-8") self.queue: "Queue[Dict[str, str]]" = Queue() self.xml.startDocument() self.xml.startElement("logfile", attrs={}) def close(self) -> None: self.xml.endElement("logfile") self.xml.endDocument() self.logfile_handle.close() def sanitise(self, message: str) -> str: return "".join(ch for ch in message if unicodedata.category(ch)[0] != "C") def maybe_prefix(self, message: str, attributes: Dict[str, str]) -> str: if "machine" in attributes: return "{}: {}".format(attributes["machine"], message) return message def log_line(self, message: str, attributes: Dict[str, str]) -> None: self.xml.startElement("line", attributes) self.xml.characters(message) self.xml.endElement("line") def log(self, message: str, attributes: Dict[str, str] = {}) -> None: eprint(self.maybe_prefix(message, attributes)) self.drain_log_queue() self.log_line(message, attributes) def enqueue(self, message: Dict[str, str]) -> None: self.queue.put(message) def drain_log_queue(self) -> None: try: while True: item = self.queue.get_nowait() attributes = {"machine": item["machine"], "type": "serial"} self.log_line(self.sanitise(item["msg"]), attributes) except Empty: pass @contextmanager def nested(self, message: str, attributes: Dict[str, str] = {}) -> Iterator[None]: eprint(self.maybe_prefix(message, attributes)) self.xml.startElement("nest", attrs={}) self.xml.startElement("head", attributes) self.xml.characters(message) self.xml.endElement("head") tic = time.time() self.drain_log_queue() yield self.drain_log_queue() toc = time.time() self.log("({:.2f} seconds)".format(toc - tic)) self.xml.endElement("nest") class Machine: def __init__(self, args: Dict[str, Any]) -> None: if "name" in args: self.name = args["name"] else: self.name = "machine" cmd = args.get("startCommand", None) if cmd: match = re.search("bin/run-(.+)-vm$", cmd) if match: self.name = match.group(1) self.script = args.get("startCommand", self.create_startcommand(args)) tmp_dir = os.environ.get("TMPDIR", tempfile.gettempdir()) def create_dir(name: str) -> str: path = os.path.join(tmp_dir, name) os.makedirs(path, mode=0o700, exist_ok=True) return path self.state_dir = create_dir("vm-state-{}".format(self.name)) self.shared_dir = create_dir("shared-xchg") self.booted = False self.connected = False self.pid: Optional[int] = None self.socket = None self.monitor: Optional[socket.socket] = None self.logger: Logger = args["log"] self.serialQueue: "Queue[str]" = Queue() self.allow_reboot = args.get("allowReboot", False) @staticmethod def create_startcommand(args: Dict[str, str]) -> str: net_backend = "-netdev user,id=net0" net_frontend = "-device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0" if "netBackendArgs" in args: net_backend += "," + args["netBackendArgs"] if "netFrontendArgs" in args: net_frontend += "," + args["netFrontendArgs"] start_command = ( "qemu-kvm -m 384 " + net_backend + " " + net_frontend + " $QEMU_OPTS " ) if "hda" in args: hda_path = os.path.abspath(args["hda"]) if args.get("hdaInterface", "") == "scsi": start_command += ( "-drive id=hda,file=" + hda_path + ",werror=report,if=none " + "-device scsi-hd,drive=hda " ) else: start_command += ( "-drive file=" + hda_path + ",if=" + args["hdaInterface"] + ",werror=report " ) if "cdrom" in args: start_command += "-cdrom " + args["cdrom"] + " " if "usb" in args: start_command += ( "-device piix3-usb-uhci -drive " + "id=usbdisk,file=" + args["usb"] + ",if=none,readonly " + "-device usb-storage,drive=usbdisk " ) if "bios" in args: start_command += "-bios " + args["bios"] + " " start_command += args.get("qemuFlags", "") return start_command def is_up(self) -> bool: return self.booted and self.connected def log(self, msg: str) -> None: self.logger.log(msg, {"machine": self.name}) def nested(self, msg: str, attrs: Dict[str, str] = {}) -> _GeneratorContextManager: my_attrs = {"machine": self.name} my_attrs.update(attrs) return self.logger.nested(msg, my_attrs) def wait_for_monitor_prompt(self) -> str: assert self.monitor is not None answer = "" while True: undecoded_answer = self.monitor.recv(1024) if not undecoded_answer: break answer += undecoded_answer.decode() if answer.endswith("(qemu) "): break return answer def send_monitor_command(self, command: str) -> str: message = ("{}\n".format(command)).encode() self.log("sending monitor command: {}".format(command)) assert self.monitor is not None self.monitor.send(message) return self.wait_for_monitor_prompt() def wait_for_unit(self, unit: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> None: """Wait for a systemd unit to get into "active" state. Throws exceptions on "failed" and "inactive" states as well as after timing out. """ def check_active(_: Any) -> bool: info = self.get_unit_info(unit, user) state = info["ActiveState"] if state == "failed": raise Exception('unit "{}" reached state "{}"'.format(unit, state)) if state == "inactive": status, jobs = self.systemctl("list-jobs --full 2>&1", user) if "No jobs" in jobs: info = self.get_unit_info(unit, user) if info["ActiveState"] == state: raise Exception( ( 'unit "{}" is inactive and there ' "are no pending jobs" ).format(unit) ) return state == "active" retry(check_active) def get_unit_info(self, unit: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, str]: status, lines = self.systemctl('--no-pager show "{}"'.format(unit), user) if status != 0: raise Exception( 'retrieving systemctl info for unit "{}" {} failed with exit code {}'.format( unit, "" if user is None else 'under user "{}"'.format(user), status ) ) line_pattern = re.compile(r"^([^=]+)=(.*)$") def tuple_from_line(line: str) -> Tuple[str, str]: match = line_pattern.match(line) assert match is not None return match[1], match[2] return dict( tuple_from_line(line) for line in lines.split("\n") if line_pattern.match(line) ) def systemctl(self, q: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[int, str]: if user is not None: q = q.replace("'", "\\'") return self.execute( ( "su -l {} --shell /bin/sh -c " "$'XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/`id -u` " "systemctl --user {}'" ).format(user, q) ) return self.execute("systemctl {}".format(q)) def require_unit_state(self, unit: str, require_state: str = "active") -> None: with self.nested( "checking if unit ‘{}’ has reached state '{}'".format(unit, require_state) ): info = self.get_unit_info(unit) state = info["ActiveState"] if state != require_state: raise Exception( "Expected unit ‘{}’ to to be in state ".format(unit) + "'{}' but it is in state ‘{}’".format(require_state, state) ) def execute(self, command: str) -> Tuple[int, str]: self.connect() out_command = "( {} ); echo '|!=EOF' $?\n".format(command) self.shell.send(out_command.encode()) output = "" status_code_pattern = re.compile(r"(.*)\|\!=EOF\s+(\d+)") while True: chunk = self.shell.recv(4096).decode(errors="ignore") match = status_code_pattern.match(chunk) if match: output += match[1] status_code = int(match[2]) return (status_code, output) output += chunk def succeed(self, *commands: str) -> str: """Execute each command and check that it succeeds.""" output = "" for command in commands: with self.nested("must succeed: {}".format(command)): (status, out) = self.execute(command) if status != 0: self.log("output: {}".format(out)) raise Exception( "command `{}` failed (exit code {})".format(command, status) ) output += out return output def fail(self, *commands: str) -> None: """Execute each command and check that it fails.""" for command in commands: with self.nested("must fail: {}".format(command)): status, output = self.execute(command) if status == 0: raise Exception( "command `{}` unexpectedly succeeded".format(command) ) def wait_until_succeeds(self, command: str) -> str: """Wait until a command returns success and return its output. Throws an exception on timeout. """ output = "" def check_success(_: Any) -> bool: nonlocal output status, output = self.execute(command) return status == 0 with self.nested("waiting for success: {}".format(command)): retry(check_success) return output def wait_until_fails(self, command: str) -> str: """Wait until a command returns failure. Throws an exception on timeout. """ output = "" def check_failure(_: Any) -> bool: nonlocal output status, output = self.execute(command) return status != 0 with self.nested("waiting for failure: {}".format(command)): retry(check_failure) return output def wait_for_shutdown(self) -> None: if not self.booted: return with self.nested("waiting for the VM to power off"): sys.stdout.flush() self.process.wait() self.pid = None self.booted = False self.connected = False def get_tty_text(self, tty: str) -> str: status, output = self.execute( "fold -w$(stty -F /dev/tty{0} size | " "awk '{{print $2}}') /dev/vcs{0}".format(tty) ) return output def wait_until_tty_matches(self, tty: str, regexp: str) -> None: """Wait until the visible output on the chosen TTY matches regular expression. Throws an exception on timeout. """ matcher = re.compile(regexp) def tty_matches(last: bool) -> bool: text = self.get_tty_text(tty) if last: self.log( f"Last chance to match /{regexp}/ on TTY{tty}, " f"which currently contains: {text}" ) return len(matcher.findall(text)) > 0 with self.nested("waiting for {} to appear on tty {}".format(regexp, tty)): retry(tty_matches) def wait_until_serial_output(self, regexp: str) -> None: """Wait until the serial output matches regular expression. Throws an exception on timeout. """ matcher = re.compile(regexp) def serial_matches(last: bool) -> bool: while not self.serialQueue.empty(): text = self.serialQueue.get() if last: self.log( f"Last chance to match /{regexp}/ on serial, " f"which currently contains: {text}" ) if len(matcher.findall(text)) > 0: return True return False with self.nested("waiting for {} to appear on serial output".format(regexp)): retry(serial_matches) def send_chars(self, chars: List[str]) -> None: with self.nested("sending keys ‘{}‘".format(chars)): for char in chars: self.send_key(char) def wait_for_file(self, filename: str) -> None: """Waits until the file exists in machine's file system.""" def check_file(_: Any) -> bool: status, _ = self.execute("test -e {}".format(filename)) return status == 0 with self.nested("waiting for file ‘{}‘".format(filename)): retry(check_file) def wait_for_open_port(self, port: int) -> None: def port_is_open(_: Any) -> bool: status, _ = self.execute("nc -z localhost {}".format(port)) return status == 0 with self.nested("waiting for TCP port {}".format(port)): retry(port_is_open) def wait_for_closed_port(self, port: int) -> None: def port_is_closed(_: Any) -> bool: status, _ = self.execute("nc -z localhost {}".format(port)) return status != 0 retry(port_is_closed) def start_job(self, jobname: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[int, str]: return self.systemctl("start {}".format(jobname), user) def stop_job(self, jobname: str, user: Optional[str] = None) -> Tuple[int, str]: return self.systemctl("stop {}".format(jobname), user) def wait_for_job(self, jobname: str) -> None: self.wait_for_unit(jobname) def connect(self) -> None: if self.connected: return with self.nested("waiting for the VM to finish booting"): self.start() tic = time.time() self.shell.recv(1024) # TODO: Timeout toc = time.time() self.log("connected to guest root shell") self.log("(connecting took {:.2f} seconds)".format(toc - tic)) self.connected = True def screenshot(self, filename: str) -> None: out_dir = os.environ.get("out", os.getcwd()) word_pattern = re.compile(r"^\w+$") if word_pattern.match(filename): filename = os.path.join(out_dir, "{}.png".format(filename)) tmp = "{}.ppm".format(filename) with self.nested( "making screenshot {}".format(filename), {"image": os.path.basename(filename)}, ): self.send_monitor_command("screendump {}".format(tmp)) ret = subprocess.run("pnmtopng {} > {}".format(tmp, filename), shell=True) os.unlink(tmp) if ret.returncode != 0: raise Exception("Cannot convert screenshot") def copy_from_host_via_shell(self, source: str, target: str) -> None: """Copy a file from the host into the guest by piping it over the shell into the destination file. Works without host-guest shared folder. Prefer copy_from_host for whenever possible. """ with open(source, "rb") as fh: content_b64 = base64.b64encode(fh.read()).decode() self.succeed( f"mkdir -p $(dirname {target})", f"echo -n {content_b64} | base64 -d > {target}", ) def copy_from_host(self, source: str, target: str) -> None: """Copy a file from the host into the guest via the `shared_dir` shared among all the VMs (using a temporary directory). """ host_src = pathlib.Path(source) vm_target = pathlib.Path(target) with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=self.shared_dir) as shared_td: shared_temp = pathlib.Path(shared_td) host_intermediate = shared_temp / host_src.name vm_shared_temp = pathlib.Path("/tmp/shared") / shared_temp.name vm_intermediate = vm_shared_temp / host_src.name self.succeed(make_command(["mkdir", "-p", vm_shared_temp])) if host_src.is_dir(): shutil.copytree(host_src, host_intermediate) else: shutil.copy(host_src, host_intermediate) self.succeed("sync") self.succeed(make_command(["mkdir", "-p", vm_target.parent])) self.succeed(make_command(["cp", "-r", vm_intermediate, vm_target])) # Make sure the cleanup is synced into VM self.succeed("sync") def copy_from_vm(self, source: str, target_dir: str = "") -> None: """Copy a file from the VM (specified by an in-VM source path) to a path relative to `$out`. The file is copied via the `shared_dir` shared among all the VMs (using a temporary directory). """ # Compute the source, target, and intermediate shared file names out_dir = pathlib.Path(os.environ.get("out", os.getcwd())) vm_src = pathlib.Path(source) with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=self.shared_dir) as shared_td: shared_temp = pathlib.Path(shared_td) vm_shared_temp = pathlib.Path("/tmp/shared") / shared_temp.name vm_intermediate = vm_shared_temp / vm_src.name intermediate = shared_temp / vm_src.name # Copy the file to the shared directory inside VM self.succeed(make_command(["mkdir", "-p", vm_shared_temp])) self.succeed(make_command(["cp", "-r", vm_src, vm_intermediate])) self.succeed("sync") abs_target = out_dir / target_dir / vm_src.name abs_target.parent.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True) # Copy the file from the shared directory outside VM if intermediate.is_dir(): shutil.copytree(intermediate, abs_target) else: shutil.copy(intermediate, abs_target) # Make sure the cleanup is synced into VM self.succeed("sync") def dump_tty_contents(self, tty: str) -> None: """Debugging: Dump the contents of the TTY """ self.execute("fold -w 80 /dev/vcs{} | systemd-cat".format(tty)) def get_screen_text(self) -> str: if shutil.which("tesseract") is None: raise Exception("get_screen_text used but enableOCR is false") magick_args = ( "-filter Catrom -density 72 -resample 300 " + "-contrast -normalize -despeckle -type grayscale " + "-sharpen 1 -posterize 3 -negate -gamma 100 " + "-blur 1x65535" ) tess_args = "-c debug_file=/dev/null --psm 11 --oem 2" with self.nested("performing optical character recognition"): with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as tmpin: self.send_monitor_command("screendump {}".format(tmpin.name)) cmd = "convert {} {} tiff:- | tesseract - - {}".format( magick_args, tmpin.name, tess_args ) ret = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, capture_output=True) if ret.returncode != 0: raise Exception( "OCR failed with exit code {}".format(ret.returncode) ) return ret.stdout.decode("utf-8") def wait_for_text(self, regex: str) -> None: def screen_matches(last: bool) -> bool: text = self.get_screen_text() matches = re.search(regex, text) is not None if last and not matches: self.log("Last OCR attempt failed. Text was: {}".format(text)) return matches with self.nested("waiting for {} to appear on screen".format(regex)): retry(screen_matches) def send_key(self, key: str) -> None: key = CHAR_TO_KEY.get(key, key) self.send_monitor_command("sendkey {}".format(key)) def start(self) -> None: if self.booted: return self.log("starting vm") def create_socket(path: str) -> socket.socket: if os.path.exists(path): os.unlink(path) s = socket.socket(family=socket.AF_UNIX, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.bind(path) s.listen(1) return s monitor_path = os.path.join(self.state_dir, "monitor") self.monitor_socket = create_socket(monitor_path) shell_path = os.path.join(self.state_dir, "shell") self.shell_socket = create_socket(shell_path) qemu_options = ( " ".join( [ "" if self.allow_reboot else "-no-reboot", "-monitor unix:{}".format(monitor_path), "-chardev socket,id=shell,path={}".format(shell_path), "-device virtio-serial", "-device virtconsole,chardev=shell", "-device virtio-rng-pci", "-serial stdio" if "DISPLAY" in os.environ else "-nographic", ] ) + " " + os.environ.get("QEMU_OPTS", "") ) environment = dict(os.environ) environment.update( { "TMPDIR": self.state_dir, "SHARED_DIR": self.shared_dir, "USE_TMPDIR": "1", "QEMU_OPTS": qemu_options, } ) self.process = subprocess.Popen( self.script, bufsize=1, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True, cwd=self.state_dir, env=environment, ) self.monitor, _ = self.monitor_socket.accept() self.shell, _ = self.shell_socket.accept() def process_serial_output() -> None: assert self.process.stdout is not None for _line in self.process.stdout: # Ignore undecodable bytes that may occur in boot menus line = _line.decode(errors="ignore").replace("\r", "").rstrip() eprint("{} # {}".format(self.name, line)) self.logger.enqueue({"msg": line, "machine": self.name}) self.serialQueue.put(line) _thread.start_new_thread(process_serial_output, ()) self.wait_for_monitor_prompt() self.pid = self.process.pid self.booted = True self.log("QEMU running (pid {})".format(self.pid)) def shutdown(self) -> None: if not self.booted: return self.shell.send("poweroff\n".encode()) self.wait_for_shutdown() def crash(self) -> None: if not self.booted: return self.log("forced crash") self.send_monitor_command("quit") self.wait_for_shutdown() def wait_for_x(self) -> None: """Wait until it is possible to connect to the X server. Note that testing the existence of /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 is insufficient. """ def check_x(_: Any) -> bool: cmd = ( "journalctl -b SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=systemd | " + 'grep "Reached target Current graphical"' ) status, _ = self.execute(cmd) if status != 0: return False status, _ = self.execute("[ -e /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 ]") return status == 0 with self.nested("waiting for the X11 server"): retry(check_x) def get_window_names(self) -> List[str]: return self.succeed( r"xwininfo -root -tree | sed 's/.*0x[0-9a-f]* \"\([^\"]*\)\".*/\1/; t; d'" ).splitlines() def wait_for_window(self, regexp: str) -> None: pattern = re.compile(regexp) def window_is_visible(last_try: bool) -> bool: names = self.get_window_names() if last_try: self.log( "Last chance to match {} on the window list,".format(regexp) + " which currently contains: " + ", ".join(names) ) return any(pattern.search(name) for name in names) with self.nested("Waiting for a window to appear"): retry(window_is_visible) def sleep(self, secs: int) -> None: time.sleep(secs) def forward_port(self, host_port: int = 8080, guest_port: int = 80) -> None: """Forward a TCP port on the host to a TCP port on the guest. Useful during interactive testing. """ self.send_monitor_command( "hostfwd_add tcp::{}-:{}".format(host_port, guest_port) ) def block(self) -> None: """Make the machine unreachable by shutting down eth1 (the multicast interface used to talk to the other VMs). We keep eth0 up so that the test driver can continue to talk to the machine. """ self.send_monitor_command("set_link virtio-net-pci.1 off") def unblock(self) -> None: """Make the machine reachable. """ self.send_monitor_command("set_link virtio-net-pci.1 on") def create_machine(args: Dict[str, Any]) -> Machine: global log args["log"] = log args["redirectSerial"] = os.environ.get("USE_SERIAL", "0") == "1" return Machine(args) def start_all() -> None: global machines with log.nested("starting all VMs"): for machine in machines: machine.start() def join_all() -> None: global machines with log.nested("waiting for all VMs to finish"): for machine in machines: machine.wait_for_shutdown() def test_script() -> None: exec(os.environ["testScript"]) def run_tests() -> None: global machines tests = os.environ.get("tests", None) if tests is not None: with log.nested("running the VM test script"): try: exec(tests, globals()) except Exception as e: eprint("error: {}".format(str(e))) sys.exit(1) else: ptpython.repl.embed(locals(), globals()) # TODO: Collect coverage data for machine in machines: if machine.is_up(): machine.execute("sync") @contextmanager def subtest(name: str) -> Iterator[None]: with log.nested(name): try: yield return True except Exception as e: log.log(f'Test "{name}" failed with error: "{e}"') raise e return False if __name__ == "__main__": arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() arg_parser.add_argument( "-K", "--keep-vm-state", help="re-use a VM state coming from a previous run", action="store_true", ) (cli_args, vm_scripts) = arg_parser.parse_known_args() log = Logger() vlan_nrs = list(dict.fromkeys(os.environ.get("VLANS", "").split())) vde_sockets = [create_vlan(v) for v in vlan_nrs] for nr, vde_socket, _, _ in vde_sockets: os.environ["QEMU_VDE_SOCKET_{}".format(nr)] = vde_socket machines = [ create_machine({"startCommand": s, "keepVmState": cli_args.keep_vm_state}) for s in vm_scripts ] machine_eval = [ "{0} = machines[{1}]".format(m.name, idx) for idx, m in enumerate(machines) ] exec("\n".join(machine_eval)) @atexit.register def clean_up() -> None: with log.nested("cleaning up"): for machine in machines: if machine.pid is None: continue log.log("killing {} (pid {})".format(machine.name, machine.pid)) machine.process.kill() log.close() tic = time.time() run_tests() toc = time.time() print("test script finished in {:.2f}s".format(toc - tic))