diff --git a/repos/base-foc/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h b/repos/base-foc/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
index 8757aa98f..b0408087c 100644
--- a/repos/base-foc/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
+++ b/repos/base-foc/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class Genode::Vm_session_component
 		void attach(Dataspace_capability, addr_t, Attach_attr) override;
 		void attach_pic(addr_t) override { }
 		void detach(addr_t, size_t) override;
-		void _create_vcpu(Thread_capability);
+		Vcpu_id _create_vcpu(Thread_capability);
 };
 
 #endif /* _CORE__VM_SESSION_COMPONENT_H_ */
diff --git a/repos/base-foc/src/core/vm_session_component.cc b/repos/base-foc/src/core/vm_session_component.cc
index 7e9cbe7fb..cc0dc5587 100644
--- a/repos/base-foc/src/core/vm_session_component.cc
+++ b/repos/base-foc/src/core/vm_session_component.cc
@@ -107,10 +107,12 @@ Vcpu::~Vcpu()
 		_ram_alloc.free(_ds_cap);
 }
 
-void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
+Vm_session::Vcpu_id Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 {
+	Vcpu_id ret;
+
 	if (!cap.valid())
-		return;
+		return ret;
 
 	auto lambda = [&] (Cpu_thread_component *thread) {
 		if (!thread)
@@ -146,10 +148,11 @@ void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 		}
 
 		_vcpus.insert(vcpu);
-		_id_alloc++;
+		ret.id = _id_alloc++;
 	};
 
 	_ep.apply(cap, lambda);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 Dataspace_capability Vm_session_component::_cpu_state(Vcpu_id const vcpu_id)
diff --git a/repos/base-foc/src/lib/base/x86/vm_session.cc b/repos/base-foc/src/lib/base/x86/vm_session.cc
index 5de6c8f69..5911003ae 100644
--- a/repos/base-foc/src/lib/base/x86/vm_session.cc
+++ b/repos/base-foc/src/lib/base/x86/vm_session.cc
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ static bool svm_np() { return svm_features() & (1U << 0); }
 struct Vcpu;
 
 static Genode::Registry<Genode::Registered<Vcpu> > vcpus;
-static unsigned vcpu_id = 0;
 
 struct Vcpu : Genode::Thread
 {
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ struct Vcpu : Genode::Thread
 		Semaphore                   _wake_up { 0 };
 		Semaphore                  &_handler_ready;
 		Allocator                  &_alloc;
-		Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id  _id;
+		Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id  _id { Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id::INVALID };
 		addr_t                      _state { 0 };
 		addr_t                      _task { 0 };
 		enum Virt const             _vm_type;
@@ -1184,20 +1183,20 @@ struct Vcpu : Genode::Thread
 	public:
 
 		Vcpu(Env &env, Signal_context_capability &cap,
-		     Semaphore &handler_ready,
-		     Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id &id, enum Virt type,
+		     Semaphore &handler_ready, enum Virt type,
 		     Allocator &alloc, Affinity::Location location)
 		:
 			Thread(env, "vcpu_thread", STACK_SIZE, location, Weight(), env.cpu()),
 			_signal(cap), _handler_ready(handler_ready), _alloc(alloc),
-			_id(id), _vm_type(type)
+			_vm_type(type)
 		{ }
 
 		Allocator &allocator() const { return _alloc; }
 
 		bool match(Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id id) { return id.id == _id.id; }
 
-		Genode::Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id id() const { return _id; }
+		Genode::Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id id() const  { return _id; }
+		void id(Genode::Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id id) { _id = id;   }
 
 		void assign_ds_state(Region_map &rm, Dataspace_capability cap)
 		{
@@ -1266,12 +1265,10 @@ Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id
 Vm_session_client::create_vcpu(Allocator &alloc, Env &env,
                                Vm_handler_base &handler)
 {
-	Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id id = { vcpu_id };
-
 	enum Virt vm_type = virt_type(env);
 	if (vm_type == Virt::UNKNOWN) {
 		Genode::error("unsupported hardware virtualisation");
-		return id;
+		return Vm_session::Vcpu_id();
 	}
 
 	Thread * ep = reinterpret_cast<Thread *>(&handler._rpc_ep);
@@ -1279,17 +1276,17 @@ Vm_session_client::create_vcpu(Allocator &alloc, Env &env,
 
 	/* create thread that switches modes between thread/cpu */
 	Vcpu * vcpu = new (alloc) Registered<Vcpu>(vcpus, env, handler._cap,
-	                                           handler._done, id, vm_type,
+	                                           handler._done, vm_type,
 	                                           alloc, location);
 
 	try {
 		/* now it gets actually valid - vcpu->cap() becomes valid */
 		vcpu->start();
 
-		call<Rpc_exception_handler>(handler._cap, vcpu->id());
-
 		/* instruct core to let it become a vCPU */
-		call<Rpc_create_vcpu>(vcpu->cap());
+		vcpu->id(call<Rpc_create_vcpu>(vcpu->cap()));
+
+		call<Rpc_exception_handler>(handler._cap, vcpu->id());
 
 		vcpu->assign_ds_state(env.rm(), call<Rpc_cpu_state>(vcpu->id()));
 	} catch (...) {
@@ -1299,9 +1296,7 @@ Vm_session_client::create_vcpu(Allocator &alloc, Env &env,
 		destroy(alloc, vcpu);
 		throw;
 	}
-
-	vcpu_id ++;
-	return id;
+	return vcpu->id();
 }
 
 void Vm_session_client::run(Vcpu_id vcpu_id)
diff --git a/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/arm/virtualization/vm_session_component.h b/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/arm/virtualization/vm_session_component.h
index b87010682..6d507d2e1 100644
--- a/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/arm/virtualization/vm_session_component.h
+++ b/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/arm/virtualization/vm_session_component.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class Genode::Vm_session_component
 		void attach(Dataspace_capability, addr_t, Attach_attr) override;
 		void attach_pic(addr_t) override;
 		void detach(addr_t, size_t) override;
-		void _create_vcpu(Thread_capability) {}
+		Vcpu_id _create_vcpu(Thread_capability) { return 0; }
 };
 
 #endif /* _CORE__SPEC__ARM_V7__VIRTUALIZATION__VM_SESSION_COMPONENT_H_ */
diff --git a/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/arm_v7/trustzone/vm_session_component.h b/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/arm_v7/trustzone/vm_session_component.h
index c133fb29c..e8ea2e3af 100644
--- a/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/arm_v7/trustzone/vm_session_component.h
+++ b/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/arm_v7/trustzone/vm_session_component.h
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class Genode::Vm_session_component
 
 		void detach(addr_t /* vm_addr */, size_t /* size */) override {
 			warning("Not implemented for TrustZone case"); }
-		void _create_vcpu(Thread_capability) {}
+		unsigned _create_vcpu(Thread_capability) { return 0; }
 };
 
 #endif /* _CORE__SPEC__ARM_V7__TRUSTZONE__VM_SESSION_COMPONENT_H_ */
diff --git a/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/x86_64/muen/vm_session_component.h b/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/x86_64/muen/vm_session_component.h
index c4319ffd2..1e66a43e0 100644
--- a/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/x86_64/muen/vm_session_component.h
+++ b/repos/base-hw/src/core/spec/x86_64/muen/vm_session_component.h
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class Genode::Vm_session_component
 		void attach(Dataspace_capability, addr_t, Attach_attr) override { }
 		void attach_pic(addr_t)                   override { }
 		void detach(addr_t, size_t)               override { }
-		void _create_vcpu(Thread_capability) { }
+		Vcpu_id _create_vcpu(Thread_capability) { return 0; }
 };
 
 #endif /* _CORE__SPEC__X86_64__MUEN__VM_SESSION_COMPONENT_H_ */
diff --git a/repos/base-nova/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h b/repos/base-nova/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
index 3a9673a8f..748d0397f 100644
--- a/repos/base-nova/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
+++ b/repos/base-nova/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ class Genode::Vm_session_component
 
 				addr_t new_pt_id();
 
+				Vcpu_id id() { return _id; }
 				bool match(Vcpu_id const id) const { return id.id == _id.id; }
 				Ram_dataspace_capability ds_cap() const { return _ds_cap; }
 
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ class Genode::Vm_session_component
 		void attach(Dataspace_capability, addr_t, Attach_attr) override;
 		void attach_pic(addr_t) override {}
 		void detach(addr_t, size_t) override;
-		void _create_vcpu(Thread_capability);
+		Vcpu_id _create_vcpu(Thread_capability);
 };
 
 #endif /* _CORE__VM_SESSION_COMPONENT_H_ */
diff --git a/repos/base-nova/src/core/vm_session_component.cc b/repos/base-nova/src/core/vm_session_component.cc
index 55f6c91f2..f801f5890 100644
--- a/repos/base-nova/src/core/vm_session_component.cc
+++ b/repos/base-nova/src/core/vm_session_component.cc
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 using Genode::addr_t;
 using Genode::Vm_session_component;
+using Vcpu_id = Genode::Vm_session::Vcpu_id;
 
 enum { CAP_RANGE_LOG2 = 2, CAP_RANGE = 1 << CAP_RANGE_LOG2 };
 
@@ -153,10 +154,10 @@ static Genode::uint8_t _with_kernel_quota_upgrade(addr_t const pd_target,
 	return res;
 }
 
-void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
+Vcpu_id Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 {
-	if (!cap.valid())
-		return;
+	Vcpu_id ret;
+	if (!cap.valid()) return ret;
 
 	/* lookup vmm pd and cpu location of handler thread in VMM */
 	addr_t             kernel_cpu_id = 0;
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 
 	/* if VMM pd lookup failed then deny to create vCPU */
 	if (!vmm_pd_sel || vmm_pd_sel == Vcpu::invalid())
-		return;
+		return ret;
 
 	/* allocate vCPU object */
 	Vcpu &vcpu = *new (_heap) Vcpu(_constrained_md_ram_alloc,
@@ -191,7 +192,7 @@ void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 
 	/* we ran out of caps in core */
 	if (!vcpu.ds_cap().valid())
-		return;
+		return ret;
 
 	/* core PD selector */
 	addr_t const core_pd = platform_specific().core_pd_sel();
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 	if (res != Nova::NOVA_OK) {
 		error("create_sm = ", res);
 		destroy(_heap, &vcpu);
-		return;
+		return ret;
 	}
 
 	addr_t const event_base = (1U << Nova::NUM_INITIAL_VCPU_PT_LOG2) * _id_alloc;
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 	if (res != Nova::NOVA_OK) {
 		error("create_ec = ", res);
 		destroy(_heap, &vcpu);
-		return;
+		return ret;
 	}
 
 	addr_t const dst_sm_ec_sel = Nova::NUM_INITIAL_PT_RESERVED
@@ -239,11 +240,12 @@ void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 	{
 		error("map sm ", res, " ", _id_alloc);
 		destroy(_heap, &vcpu);
-		return;
+		return ret;
 	}
 
-	_id_alloc++;
 	_vcpus.insert(&vcpu);
+	_id_alloc++;
+	return vcpu.id();
 }
 
 void Vm_session_component::_run(Vcpu_id const vcpu_id)
diff --git a/repos/base-nova/src/lib/base/vm_session.cc b/repos/base-nova/src/lib/base/vm_session.cc
index 30daf44ca..922260cbd 100644
--- a/repos/base-nova/src/lib/base/vm_session.cc
+++ b/repos/base-nova/src/lib/base/vm_session.cc
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ using namespace Genode;
 struct Vcpu;
 
 static Genode::Registry<Genode::Registered<Vcpu> > vcpus;
-static unsigned vcpu_id = 0;
 
 struct Vcpu {
 
@@ -425,8 +424,9 @@ struct Vcpu {
 
 	public:
 
-		Vcpu(Vm_handler_base &o, unsigned id, Allocator &alloc)
-		: _obj(o), _alloc(alloc), _id({id}) { }
+		Vcpu(Vm_handler_base &o, Vm_session::Vcpu_id const id,
+		     Allocator &alloc)
+		: _obj(o), _alloc(alloc), _id(id) { }
 
 		virtual ~Vcpu() { }
 
@@ -703,9 +703,10 @@ Vm_session_client::create_vcpu(Allocator &alloc, Env &env,
                                Vm_handler_base &handler)
 {
 	Thread * ep = reinterpret_cast<Thread *>(&handler._rpc_ep);
-	call<Rpc_create_vcpu>(ep->cap());
 
-	Vcpu * vcpu = new (alloc) Registered<Vcpu> (vcpus, handler, vcpu_id++, alloc);
+	Vcpu * vcpu = new (alloc) Registered<Vcpu> (vcpus, handler,
+	                                            call<Rpc_create_vcpu>(ep->cap()),
+	                                            alloc);
 	vcpu->assign_ds_state(env.rm(), call<Rpc_cpu_state>(vcpu->id()));
 
 	Signal_context_capability dontcare_exit;
diff --git a/repos/base-sel4/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h b/repos/base-sel4/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
index de814b2d8..63544ea75 100644
--- a/repos/base-sel4/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
+++ b/repos/base-sel4/src/core/include/vm_session_component.h
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class Genode::Vm_session_component
 		void attach(Dataspace_capability, addr_t, Attach_attr) override;
 		void attach_pic(addr_t) override {}
 		void detach(addr_t, size_t) override;
-		void _create_vcpu(Thread_capability);
+		Vcpu_id _create_vcpu(Thread_capability);
 };
 
 #endif /* _CORE__VM_SESSION_COMPONENT_H_ */
diff --git a/repos/base-sel4/src/core/spec/x86/vm_session_component.cc b/repos/base-sel4/src/core/spec/x86/vm_session_component.cc
index 642fd288a..ee9b907f4 100644
--- a/repos/base-sel4/src/core/spec/x86/vm_session_component.cc
+++ b/repos/base-sel4/src/core/spec/x86/vm_session_component.cc
@@ -177,10 +177,12 @@ Vm_session_component::~Vm_session_component()
 		Platform_pd::pd_id_alloc().free(_pd_id);
 }
 
-void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
+Vm_session::Vcpu_id Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 {
+	Vcpu_id ret;
+
 	if (!cap.valid())
-		return;
+		return ret;
 
 	auto lambda = [&] (Cpu_thread_component *thread) {
 		if (!thread)
@@ -218,10 +220,11 @@ void Vm_session_component::_create_vcpu(Thread_capability cap)
 		}
 
 		_vcpus.insert(vcpu);
-		_id_alloc++;
+		ret.id = _id_alloc++;
 	};
 
 	_ep.apply(cap, lambda);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 Dataspace_capability Vm_session_component::_cpu_state(Vcpu_id const vcpu_id)
diff --git a/repos/base-sel4/src/lib/base/x86/vm_session.cc b/repos/base-sel4/src/lib/base/x86/vm_session.cc
index 062000f57..5d7155404 100644
--- a/repos/base-sel4/src/lib/base/x86/vm_session.cc
+++ b/repos/base-sel4/src/lib/base/x86/vm_session.cc
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ using namespace Genode;
 struct Vcpu;
 
 static Genode::Registry<Genode::Registered<Vcpu> > vcpus;
-static unsigned vcpu_id = 0;
 
 struct Vcpu : Genode::Thread
 {
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ struct Vcpu : Genode::Thread
 		Semaphore                  &_handler_ready;
 		Allocator                  &_alloc;
 		Lock                        _startup { Genode::Lock::LOCKED };
-		Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id  _id;
+		Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id  _id {};
 		addr_t                      _state { 0 };
 		addr_t                      _recall { 0 };
 		uint64_t                    _tsc_offset { 0 };
@@ -713,12 +712,12 @@ struct Vcpu : Genode::Thread
 	public:
 
 		Vcpu(Genode::Env &env, Genode::Signal_context_capability &cap,
-		     Semaphore &handler_ready, unsigned id, Allocator &alloc,
+		     Semaphore &handler_ready, Allocator &alloc,
 		     Affinity::Location &location)
 		:
 			Thread(env, "vcpu_thread", STACK_SIZE, location, Weight(), env.cpu()),
 			_signal(cap),
-			_handler_ready(handler_ready), _alloc(alloc), _id({id})
+			_handler_ready(handler_ready), _alloc(alloc)
 		{ }
 
 		Allocator &allocator() { return _alloc; }
@@ -728,7 +727,8 @@ struct Vcpu : Genode::Thread
 			_startup.lock();
 		}
 
-		Genode::Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id id() const { return _id; }
+		Genode::Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id id() const  { return _id; }
+		void id(Genode::Vm_session_client::Vcpu_id id) { _id = id;   }
 
 		void assign_ds_state(Region_map &rm, Dataspace_capability cap) {
 			_state = rm.attach(cap); }
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ Genode::Vm_session_client::create_vcpu(Allocator &alloc, Env &env,
 	Vcpu * vcpu = new (alloc) Genode::Registered<Vcpu> (vcpus, env,
 	                                                    handler._cap,
 	                                                    handler._done,
-	                                                    vcpu_id, alloc,
+	                                                    alloc,
 	                                                    location);
 
 	try {
@@ -783,8 +783,8 @@ Genode::Vm_session_client::create_vcpu(Allocator &alloc, Env &env,
 		vcpu->start();
 
 		/* instruct core to let it become a vCPU */
+		vcpu->id(call<Rpc_create_vcpu>(vcpu->cap()));
 		call<Rpc_exception_handler>(handler._cap, vcpu->id());
-		call<Rpc_create_vcpu>(vcpu->cap());
 
 		vcpu->assign_ds_state(env.rm(), call<Rpc_cpu_state>(vcpu->id()));
 	} catch (...) {
@@ -794,7 +794,6 @@ Genode::Vm_session_client::create_vcpu(Allocator &alloc, Env &env,
 
 	vcpu->initial_resume();
 
-	vcpu_id++;
 	return vcpu->id();
 }
 
diff --git a/repos/base/include/vm_session/vm_session.h b/repos/base/include/vm_session/vm_session.h
index 8a050c71e..0a2c6b325 100644
--- a/repos/base/include/vm_session/vm_session.h
+++ b/repos/base/include/vm_session/vm_session.h
@@ -27,7 +27,12 @@ struct Genode::Vm_session : Session
 {
 	static const char *service_name() { return "VM"; }
 
-	struct Vcpu_id { unsigned id; };
+	struct Vcpu_id
+	{
+		enum { INVALID = ~0U };
+		unsigned id { INVALID };
+	};
+
 	struct Attach_attr
 	{
 		addr_t offset;
@@ -88,7 +93,7 @@ struct Genode::Vm_session : Session
 	                 Dataspace_capability, addr_t, Attach_attr);
 	GENODE_RPC(Rpc_detach, void, detach, addr_t, size_t);
 	GENODE_RPC(Rpc_attach_pic, void, attach_pic, addr_t);
-	GENODE_RPC_THROW(Rpc_create_vcpu, void, _create_vcpu,
+	GENODE_RPC_THROW(Rpc_create_vcpu, Vcpu_id, _create_vcpu,
 	                 GENODE_TYPE_LIST(Out_of_ram, Out_of_caps),
 	                 Thread_capability);
 
diff --git a/repos/base/src/lib/base/vm_session.cc b/repos/base/src/lib/base/vm_session.cc
index fe8be6307..2fe995908 100644
--- a/repos/base/src/lib/base/vm_session.cc
+++ b/repos/base/src/lib/base/vm_session.cc
@@ -18,9 +18,8 @@ using namespace Genode;
 Vm_session::Vcpu_id
 Vm_session_client::create_vcpu(Allocator &, Env &, Vm_handler_base &handler)
 {
-	Vcpu_id vcpu_id { 0 };
-
-	call<Rpc_create_vcpu>(Thread_capability());
+	Thread * ep = reinterpret_cast<Thread *>(&handler._rpc_ep);
+	Vcpu_id vcpu_id { call<Rpc_create_vcpu>(ep->cap()) };
 	call<Rpc_exception_handler>(handler._cap, vcpu_id);
 	return vcpu_id;
 }